Clinical outcomes of maxillary sinus augmentation in atrophied posterior maxilla based on residual bone height

Abstract

Background: The posterior maxilla is often the site of early tooth loss, frequently requiring sinus augmentation to compensate for vertical bone deficiency. However, the influence of residual bone height (RBH) on clinical outcomes remains unclear. Materials and methods: This retrospective study evaluated 42 patients who underwent maxillary sinus augmentation using either the lateral or transcrestal approach. Patients were divided into two groups: the severely atrophied group (RBH < 3 mm) and the moderately atrophied group (RBH 3–5 mm). Clinical outcomes assessed included marginal bone loss (MBL), graft resorption, complications, and implant survival. Results: Clinical outcomes were comparable regardless of RBH. Even in severely atrophied maxillae with RBH < 3 mm, favorable outcomes were achieved using appropriate surgical techniques. Conclusion: RBH should inform surgical planning but should not be considered a strict prognostic indicator.