Ischaemic heart preconditioning in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis

Abstract

Background: Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in rats is a model of chronic systemic inflammation and a model of rheumatoid arthritis in humans. Aim: To investigate effectiveness of ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) in reducing the area of myocardial infarction in rats with AIA. Methods: The study was performed in vivo in male SPRD/Mol/Lod rats. Animals were assigned to the experimental group (n = 15) or the control group (n = 14). In the experimental group, AIA was induced by subcutaneous administration of 1 mL of Freund's complete adjuvant, and the experiment was performed after 14 days. In control (healthy) animals, no procedures were performed prior to the proper experiment. Animals were anaesthesized (by intraperitoneal administration of ketamine and xylazine) and put on a ventilator. Then, myocardial infarction was induced, preceded by IPC in some animals. To induce infarction, left main coronary artery (LMCA) was occluded for 30 min, followed by 60 min of reperfusion. IPC protocol consisted of LMCA occlusion for 3 min, followed by 5 min of reperfusion and a second LMCA occlusion for 7 min. We evaluated a percentage ratio of the infarct size to the risk area (IS/RA). Necrosis area was stained with tetrazolium, and the area supplied by LMCA was determined using Evans blue. All areas were determined by planimetry. We used nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis rank ANOVA with multiple comparisons, and the results were shown as median values and 25th and 75th percentiles. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In the control group with IPC (n = 7), the IS/RA ratio of 25% (23-38) was significantly reduced compared to the control group without IPC (n = 7) (58% [57-63], p < 0.05). In the AIA group with IPC (n = 7), the IS/RA ratio of 58% (51-65) did not differ significantly compared to the AIA group without IPC (n = 8) (65% [62-71]). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that IPC in rats with AIA does not result in a significant reduction of myocardial necrosis area induced by 30 min of ischaemia and 60 min of reperfusion. This effect might have been related to the presence of chronic systemic inflammation. Absent or reduced benefits of IPC may be one reason for an increased cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Copyright © Polskie Towarzystwo Kardiologiczne.