Laboratory Observation of Radiative Shock Deceleration and Application to SN 1987A

Abstract

The first laboratory evidence of a radiative shock (RS) decelerating during its free expansion phase in an optically thick medium is presented. A shock is generated in a multilayer solid target under the irradiation of a high-power laser at the GEKKO XII laser facility. The rear surface of the target is connected to a gas cell filled with Xe. Upon breakout, an RS, characterized by low Boltzmann number Bo ≪ 1 and Mihalas number R  ≈  10, is generated. Experimental results reveal that radiative losses through the radiative precursor cause the shock to lose energy and decelerate. A model is developed that describes the shock propagation as a function of time. The model is in agreement with both numerical simulations and experimental results. These results have tremendous consequences for astrophysical systems, such as SN 1987A, where radiative deceleration may play a role in the formation of the observed hotspots in the circumstellar ring.