Consistent classification of translation revisions: A case study of english-japanese student translations

Abstract

Consistency is a crucial requirement in text annotation. It is especially important in educational applications, as lack of consistency directly affects learners' motivation and learning performance. This paper presents a quality assessment scheme for English-to-Japanese translations produced by learner translators at university. We constructed a revision typology and a decision tree manually through an application of the OntoNotes method, i.e., an iteration of assessing learners' translations and hypothesizing the conditions for consistent decision making, as well as reorganizing the typology. Intrinsic evaluation of the created scheme confirmed its potential contribution to the consistent classification of identified erroneous text spans, achieving visibly higher Cohen's k values, up to 0.831, than previous work. This paper also describes an application of our scheme to an English-to-Japanese translation exercise course for undergraduate students at a university in Japan.