Clasificación y tratamiento de náusea y vómito postoperatorio en el paciente oncológico sometido a cirugía

Abstract

Recognizing the importance of preventing and treating postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in a timely manner is essential since it is considered to be one of the most frequent problems in surgical patients within the postoperative recovery unit, since it represents an incidence of 30% to 50%, significantly prolonging the length of stay in the postoperative recovery unit. It is important to familiarize ourselves with the predictors of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and new concepts such as post-discharge nausea and vomiting (PDNV), nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy. (QINAV) and radiation induced nausea and vomiting (RINV). So the anesthesiologist in this situation must determine the necessary strategies according to the current characteristics of the patient, disease, evolution (stage) and previous treatment for its classification of emetic risk and according to the new strategies described in the literature, propose the resources and the ideal treatment which will favor to reduce and prevent this complication and favor an opportune discharge. So we present extensive review of this topic. rESUMEN El reconocer la importancia de prevenir y tratar de forma oportuna las náu-seas y vómito postoperatorio (NVPO) es fundamental, ya que se considera que es uno de los problemas más frecuentes en los pacientes quirúrgicos dentro de la Unidad de Recuperación Postoperatoria, ya que representa una incidencia del 30% al 50%, llegando a prolongar significativamente el tiempo de estadía