Production of enokipodins A, B, C, and D: a new group of antimicrobial metabolites from mycelial culture of Flammulina velutipes

Abstract

Antimicrobial compounds enokipodins A, B, C, and D were originally isolated from the culture filtrates of Flammulina velutipes mycelial culture. Analysis of antibacterial activity by the paper disk method and quantification of enokipodins A–D by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) showed that F. velutipes mycelia produced enokipodins A–D in their late growing phase. Great genetic variability in production of these compounds was observed among ten strains of F. velutipes in analyses of antimicrobial activity by the hole-plate diffusion method and quantification by HPLC. Enokipodins A–D demonstrated antimicrobial activity mainly against the gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Evaluation of minimum inhibitory doses (MIDs) showed that MIDs of enokipodins A and C for B. subtilis were as low as that of the penicillin G antibiotic.