Optimization of the Elongation of Bioplastic from Durian Seed Starch Using Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

The increase in plastic causes environmental problems. Indonesia ranks second with 5.4 million tons/year. Plastic waste cannot be degraded, so it is necessary to replace plastics with biopolymers as bioplastics. Starch-based bioplastics have high biodegradability, one of which is from durian seeds. Durian seeds have a fairly high starch content of 76.65%. Optimization of the mechanical properties of bioplastics in the form of extension needs to be done. This study aims to obtain the gelatinase temperature process conditions, glycerol and chitosan compositions that produce optimum bioplastic elongation. The optimization method uses a Response Surface Methodology based on Central Composite Design. The experiments were gelatinization temperature (80, 85, and 90°C), glycerol concentration (1.5; 2.5; and 3.5 g), and chitosan concentration (2, 3, and 4 g). The results of the study were the optimum conditions at a gelatinization temperature of 80°C, a concentration of 2 g of chitosan, and 3.5 g of glycerol with an elongation value of 26.67%. Biodegradation test for 7 days resulted in a mass reduction of 90.02% according to European standard EN: 13432.2000.