Association of Bolus Transit Time on Barium Esophagram with Esophageal Peristalsis on High-resolution Manometry and Nonobstructive Dysphagia

Abstract

Goal: The goal of this study was to correlate upright and prone bolus transit time (BTT) on barium esophagography (BE) with esophageal peristalsis on high-resolution manometry (HRM) and self-reported dysphagia in patients with normal lower esophageal sphincter parameters on HRM. Background: BTT on BE could be the gold standard for assessing the effectiveness of esophageal peristalsis if it can be quantified. Materials and Methods: Patients with normal lower esophageal sphincter parameters and standard-protocol BE from 2017 to 2020 were included. Patients were divided, based on the number of normal swallows (distal contractile integral > 450 mm Hg-s-cm), into 11 groups (10 normal swallows to 0 normal swallows). Liquid barium swallows in prone position were objectively evaluated for prone BTT. Patients reported difficulty in swallowing on a scale from 0 (none) to 4 (very severe). Fractional polynomial and logistic regression analysis were used to study the association (along with the rate of change) between BTT, peristalsis, and dysphagia. Results: A total of 146 patients were included. Prone BTT increased as the number of normal swallows decreased (P < 0.001). Two deflection points were noted on the association between peristalsis and prone BTT at 50% normal swallows, 40 seconds and 30% normal swallows, 80 seconds, after which peristaltic function declined independently of prone BTT. Patients with prone BTT > 40 seconds had nearly 6-fold higher odds of 0% normal swallows on HRM than patients with prone BTT < 40 seconds (P = 0.002). Increasing prone BTT was associated with increasing dysphagia grades 1 and 2 (P ≤ 0.036). Conclusions: Esophageal motility can be quantified by BE. Prone BTT correlates with the proportion of normal esophageal swallows and dysphagia.