Analysis of energy input-output of irrigated rice production in Jere Bowl Borno State, Nigeria

Abstract

The study analyzed energy input-output of irrigated rice production at the Jere Bowl Borno State, Nigeria. One hundred and thirty farms were sampled through multistage sampling procedure. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics and energy equations. The result showed that total of 36,397.85 MJ/ha of energy was consumed in the irrigated rice production with the highest energy input taken up by irrigation water (48.51%) and fuel (23.58%). The forms of energy estimated showed that direct energy contributed much to rice production (76.21%) than the indirect energy with 23.77%; similarly, renewable energy constituted higher energy (59.98%) to the production system, while non-renewable energy constituted only 39.99% of energy to the production system. The results on energy indices of rice production indicated energy ratio of 2.47, specific energy of 31.38 MJ/kg, energy productivity of 0.147 kg/MJ, water productivity of 0.103 kg/M3 and net energy of 53,598.71 Mj/ha. The lower values of energy indices indicate inefficient use of energy. The study recommended that farmers should adopt efficient and cost effective irrigation system which will ensure efficient utilization of energy. Key words: Input-output, energy, direct energy, indirect energy, renewable energy, indices, water productivity.