Ethics of the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Academia and Research: The Most Relevant Approaches, Challenges and Topics

Abstract

The widespread integration of artificial intelligence into university academic activity requires responsibly addressing the ethical challenges it poses. This study critically analyses these challenges, identifying opportunities and risks in various academic disciplines and practices. A systematic review was conducted using the PRISMA method of publications from January 2024 to January 2025. Based on the selected works (n = 60), through a systematic and rigorous examination, this study identifies ethical challenges in teaching and research; opportunities and risks of its integration into academic practice; specific artificial intelligence tools categorised according to study approach; and a contribution to the current debate, providing criteria and practical guidelines for academics. In conclusion, it can be stated that the integration of AI offers significant opportunities, such as the optimisation of research and personalised learning, as well as notable human and ethical risks, including the loss of critical thinking, technological dependence, and the homogenisation of ideas. It is essential to adopt a conscious approach, with clear guidelines that promote human supervision, ensuring that AI acts as a tool for improvement rather than for the replacement of intelligent human performance, and that it supports human action and discernment in the creation of knowledge.