Modern echocardiographic criteria for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Not only diastolic dysfunction

Abstract

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (CHpEF) is a common but difficult to diagnose disease. CHpEF is associated with comorbidity, therefore, the symptoms are not always specific, which often leads to a long-term diagnostic process and the inability to treat the underlying disease and prevent its complications. The most affordable and costeffective imaging method for the CHpEF diagnosis is transthoracic echocardiography. Diagnosis algorithms for HFpEF were first systematized and published in 2019, which will improve patient management and prevent the serious complications.