Multispectral Data and LiDAR for Enhanced Georeferencing of Gdanska Glowa's 17th-Century Fortifications

Abstract

This study presents a novel remote sensing method to detect 17th-century environmental elements associated with the historical fortifications of Gdanska Glowa in Poland. By integrating 10-band multispectral imaging, high-resolution (1 m) digital elevation models, vegetation metrics and random forest classification within Google Earth Engine, the approach identifies subtle topographic and environmental traces of former earthworks. This scalable workflow offers a reproducible solution for remote archaeological investigations. Although field validation remains necessary to confirm specific targets, the methodology provides a robust foundation for heritage research and informs future conservation strategies.