The biology and management of coniferous forest seeds: Genetic perspectives

Abstract

The biological impact of forest tree reproductive processes and the extent of management practices of seed orchards and nurseries on the genetic representation of new forests, are discussed in a holistic fashion. All the steps in tree reproduction, their timing and duration, and how seeds are used to produce new plants for artificial regeneration, especially in containerized nurseries, are intimately related, cumulative, and bear directly on the genetic composition of the seedling crop. These processes and their interactions need to be more fully understood to maximize genetic gain, and for the sustainability of genetic diversity.