Gray matter blood-brain barrier water exchange dynamics are reduced in progressive multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Background and Purpose: To compare transcapillary wall water exchange, a putative marker of cerebral metabolic health, in brain T2 white matter (WM) lesions and normal appearing white and gray matter (NAWM and NAGM, respectively) in individuals with progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) and healthy controls (HC). Methods: Dynamic-contrast-enhanced 7T MRI data were obtained from 19 HC and 23 PMS participants. High-resolution pharmacokinetic parametric maps representing tissue microvascular and microstructural properties were created by shutter-speed (SS) paradigm modeling to obtain estimates of blood volume fraction (vb), water molecule capillary efflux rate constant (kpo), and the water capillary wall permeability surface area product (PwS ≡ vb*kpo). Linear regression models were used to investigate differences in (i) kpo and PwS between groups in NAWM and NAGM, and (ii) between WM lesions and NAWM in PMS. Results: High-resolution parametric maps were produced to visualize tissue classes and resolve individual WM lesions. Normal-appearing gray matter kpo and PwS were significantly decreased in PMS compared to HC (p ≤.01). Twenty-one T2 WM lesions were analyzed in 10 participants with PMS. kpo was significantly decreased in WM lesions compared to PMS NAWM (p