A new type of bismuth electrode for electrochemical stripping analysis based on the ammonium tetrafluorobismuthate bulk-modified carbon paste

Abstract

A carbon paste electrode bulk-modified with ammonium tetrafluorobismuthate (BiF4-CPE) was developed and examined in the anodic stripping voltammetric mode for measurement of selected trace heavy metals. The BiF4-CPE has revealed a favorable performance in more acidic solutions (pH 0.5 - 2.5) in the presence of dissolved oxygen for Cd(II) and Pb(II) as model metal ions at the low mg L-1 concentration level. In comparison with the bismuth-oxide bulk-modified carbon paste electrode and the other two bismuth film-plated carbonaceous substrate electrodes examined, the BiF4-CPE proved to be another attractive variant of the environmentally friendly bismuth-based electrodes, particularly convenient for analysis of acidified water samples. © 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH&Co. KGaA, Weinheim.