Forensic DNA analysis of heat‑exposed unrestored teeth: Temperature and duration effects

Abstract

Context: Forensic identification often relies on DNA recovery from human remains, with teeth being a preferred source due to their resistance to extreme conditions. Aim: To evaluate the DNA yield from unrestored teeth exposed to various temperatures and durations and assess its utility in forensic identification. Settings and Design: An experimental study assessing DNA recovery from teeth subjected to controlled heat exposure. Materials and Methods: Unrestored teeth were exposed to temperatures of 200°C, 450°C, 700°C, 950°C, and 1200°C for 30 and 60 min. DNA was then extracted and quantified. Statistical Analysis Used: The study analysed DNA yield from unrestored teeth exposed to varying temperatures and durations. Posterior teeth showed higher yields, with DNA decreasing as heat and time increased. Independent t‑tests, ANOVA, and Tukey honestly significant difference confirmed statistically significant differences. Results: DNA was effectively recovered at lower temperatures and shorter durations. Higher temperatures and longer exposures reduced DNA yield, highlighting the relevance of thermal conditions in forensic applications. Conclusions: Forensic dentistry is crucial in identifying remains exposed to fire or decomposition. Teeth, especially posteriors, often preserve DNA due to their durability and protected position. They offer a reliable, cost‑effective source of genetic material, even in harsh conditions. Advancements in extraction methods continue to improve identification in complex forensic cases.