Mitral Valve Prolapse and Non-Syndromic and Syndromic Variety

Abstract

The clinical significance of mitral valve prolapse detected by echocardiography is often overestimated or underestimated. Currently, there are non-syndromic or primary mitral valve prolapse, syndromic – with genetic syndromes (Marfan, Ehlers – Danlo, etc.), with myocardial diseases (myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, etc.) and as a manifestation of minor heart anomalies. In each case of mitral valve prolapse detected by echocardiography, it is necessary to determine the systemic manifestations of connective tissue disorders, associated conditions and prognosis. To identify possible genetic syndromes, it is necessary to focus on the developed diagnostic criteria; in case of myocardial diseases, it is necessary to diagnose the underlying disease, accompanied by deflection of the mitral valve cusps. In the absence of evidence of non-syndromic (primary) mitral valve prolapse, a specific genetic syndrome, or myocardial disease, mitral valve prolapse is considered a minor cardiac anomaly.