Cultivation of Efficient Marine Microalgae and Their Biochemical Composition and Its Antibacterial Activity against Human Pathogens

Abstract

The present study was aimed to isolate green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris from the Pichavaram Mangrove Forest, South East coast of India. After being isolated, they were confirmed through morphological structures of microalgae C. vulgaris on cultivation of two different Medias. Phytochemicals like phenol, tannins, flavonoids, terpenes, terpenoids, alkaloid and saponins were present in the dried biomass and antibacterial activity was showed better results to control infectious human pathogens. The total biomass of the BBM and the sewage water cultured C. vulgaris were found to be 2.034 g/L and 3.615 g/L (dry weight), 0.268 g/L and 0.402 g/L (wet weight), respectively. The physico – chemical parameters of the sewage water were analyzed initially and at the end of the study, to determine the chemical consumption by the microalgae. Likewise, the protein, carbohydrate and lipid content of the BBM and the sewage water cultured C. vulgaris were recorded (34.56 ± 1.33 & 36.56 ± 1.28 mg/g), (41.09 ± 0.92 & 42.13 ± 0.85 mg/g) and (28.20 ± 0.89 & 28.68 ± 0.82 mg/g) respectively. The C. vulgaris cells were extracted with different solvents like methanol, ethanol, chloroform and diethyl ether, and their antibacterial activity against gram negative and gram positive human pathogenic bacteria was also evaluated. In every respect, the sewage grown green microalgae recorded higher yield and exhibited potential antibacterial activity