Transformation of Plastic Waste into Construction Material: Experimental Study of Concrete with Recycled Plastic Aggregates

Abstract

The research investigates the potential of utilizing plastic waste as recycled aggregate in the production of environmentally friendly concrete. The work is motivated by two major issues: the increasing volume of non-biodegradable plastic waste and the construction industry’s heavy reliance on natural aggregates. The methodology involved collecting, cleaning, and shredding plastic packaging (e.g., coffee sachets, instant noodle wrappers) to be used as a partial replacement for aggregates in K-400 grade concrete. Plastic replacement ratios tested were 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% of the total aggregate weight, with normal concrete without plastic serving as the control. Compressive strength tests were conducted at 28 days. Results indicate that the addition of plastic significantly reduces concrete compressive strength, with the highest decrease of over 50% observed at a 2.5% replacement ratio, although the concrete density remained relatively unchanged. Concrete with recycled plastic aggregate is potentially suitable for non-structural applications such as paving blocks or lightweight panels but is not recommended for structural components. The findings highlight the need for optimized mix design, surface treatment of plastic particles, and durability testing to improve the mechanical performance of recycled plastic concrete.