Time and Frequency Spillovers between the Green Economy and Traditional Energy Markets

Abstract

The green economy is aimed at decreasing the dependence of the global economy on traditional fossil energy, thereby resolving conflicts between economic development and environmental issues and achieving sustainable economic development. Thus, the relation between the green economy and traditional energy markets is of great importance for both policymakers and portfolio managers. In this study, we investigate the dynamic spillover effects between the green economy and traditional energy markets by applying time and frequency spillover measures based on the TVP-VAR model. The results reveal a strong spillover relationship between the green economy and traditional energy system, and the spillover direction is mainly from green economy markets to traditional energy markets. Our analysis further reveals the heterogeneity of these spillover effects, both within green economy markets and between these markets and traditional energy markets. The performance of the U.S. green economy market is similar to that of Europe, whereas the Asian green economy market is more complex. The frequency domain results demonstrate that the spillover effects are mainly dominated by short-term (1–5 days) components, whereas medium- and long-term components have less of an effect. In addition, we find a sharp increase in the level of spillover effects during the COVID-19 pandemic.