First record of a Semilimax pyrenaicus population in the Benelux: insights into potential anthropogenic dispersal (Gastropoda: Vitrinidae)

Abstract

Semilimax pyrenaicus, a terrestrial gastropod with a primarily Lusitanian distribution, is mainly confined to the Pyrenees and Ireland, with a few isolated populations in western France. It was first recorded in Schoten (Belgium) in February 2024. Further investigations confirmed the presence of a well-established, localized population, with different age classes, ranging from early juveniles to adults. The species identification was confirmed through genetic analysis. The occurrence of the population near two garden centers suggests a recent introduction via human-mediated pathways, such as the horticultural trade. This finding also highlights the significant role of citizen science in documenting new occurrences.