Potency of Clitoria ternatea L. Ethanol Extract Against IFNγ and GLUT4 Protein in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rat Model

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease caused by genetics, lifestyle, and immunology. Type 2 DM is caused by resistance to insulin, which causes blood sugar to not be stored in glycogen. Clitoria ternatea L. (Fabaceae) flower contains a lot of anthocyanins and has long been used in various traditional medicines. They are believed to treat fever, inflammation, and diabetes. Anthocyanins have antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. This study aimed to evaluate anti-DM of Clitoria ternatea L. flower extract (CTE) in DM model rats with parameters such as liver weight ratio, IFNγ, and GLUT4 protein expression in pancreas and femoral muscle. Rats with a streptozotocin-induced (STZ) DM model were used to test the effects of oral administration of CTE at doses of 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW, glybenclamide (0.45 mg/kg BW), and simvastatin (0.9 mg/kg BW). After blood sugar levels were >200 mg/dL, the rats were given various doses of CTE and tested for protein expression of IFNγ and GLUT4 in femoral muscle by immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. Data analysis used ANOVA and continued with Tukey’s post hoc test. Results showed that CTE could increase liver ratio while decreasing IFNγ activation at CTE 400 mg/kg BW and upregulating GLUT4 at 400 mg/kg BW. CTE has an anti-DM activity potential for diabetes mellitus treatment due to its anthocyanin content.