Demographic Disparities in Stroke Occurrence: Insights From an Integrative Review of Emerging Trends

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Stroke continues to be a major global health challenge, with notable differences in its occurrence across various demographic groups. This review aimed to investigate trends in stroke occurrence, focusing on disparities related to age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and geographic location. Methods: A thorough review of the literature was conducted using prominent databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Studies published between 2015 and 2025 that examined stroke in relation to demographic factors were included. Articles were selected based on relevance, study design, and the rigor of the research methodology. Both qualitative and quantitative studies were included in the synthesis. The data were synthesized qualitatively to highlight significant trends. Results: This review revealed that age is a key factor in the occurrence of stroke. Stroke prevalence increases with age, particularly in individuals aged 65 years and older. Gender differences in stroke risk are evident—men tend to have higher stroke risks at younger ages, whereas women face a greater risk later in life, especially after menopause. Ethnic disparities are also significant, with African Americans and Hispanics experiencing a higher risk of stroke compared to Caucasians. This increased risk is influenced by genetics, socioeconomic factors, and a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes. Conclusion: Demographic disparities significantly affect both the occurrence and outcome of stroke. Addressing these disparities requires comprehensive approaches, including enhanced access to preventive care, culturally sensitive health education, and targeted policies aimed at high-risk groups.