Use of IL-1 β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MMP-8 biomarkers to distinguish peri-implant diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the use of peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) biomarkers in distinguishing between healthy implants (H), peri-implant mucositis (MU), and peri-implantitis (PI). Material and Methods: Electronic using three databases (Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane) and manual searches were conducted for articles published up to March 2018 by two independent calibrated reviewers. Meta-analyses using a random-effects model were conducted for each of the cytokines; IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, to analyze standardized mean difference (SMD) between H and MU, MU and PI, H and PI with their associated 95% confidence intervals (CI). Qualitative assessment of MMP-8 was provided consequent to the lack of studies that provide valid data for a meta-analysis. Results: Nineteen articles were included in this review. IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, levels were significantly higher in MU than H groups (SMD: 1.94; 95% CI: 0.87, 3.35; P