Risk Factors of Colorectal Carcinoma Incidence in Young Adults: A Meta-analysis

Abstract

Introduction Incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) in young adult below age 50 has increased. There was urgency to make a screening method to colorectal cancer’s risk factor because there was no reliable indicator in deciding young patient was at risk in having colorectal cancer. Method Two electronic databases (Cochrane and Pubmed) were used to find the articles during period 2007-2017 using keywords: young (P) , risk factor (I) colorectal , colon , rectum , cancer (O). Articles selected were limited to those written in English. Inclusion criterias were CRC prevalence, risk factor analysis for CRC incidence and young population (below 50 years old). Meta-analysis was done by qualitative and quantitative approach to summarize the result. The aim was to find the risk factors of CRC in young population. Result Between 2007-2017, there were twelve articles that meet the criterias. Those were cohort (one article), case-control (four articles), and cross-sectionals (seven articles). Twenty five risk factors were found. Meta analysis showed that sex(male) (OR = 1.66, 95% CI = (1.04-2.64); I2 = 93%), family history (OR = 2.01, 95% CI = (1.11-3.67); I2 = 78%), metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = (1.49-2.16), I2 = 0%), and smoking (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = (1.40-1.77), I2 = 4%) were the risk factors with significant association with CRC. Conclusion Young adults with family history of CRC, gender male, metabolic syndrome, and current smoker are at risk in having colorectal cancer.   Keyword : colorectal cancer, risk factor, young