The degrowth doughnut

Abstract

The degrowth doughnut elaborated on in this chapter of the Routledge Handbook of Degrowth (2025) is a conceptual tool designed to aid in planning and strategising within degrowth scholarship, emphasising ecological and social transformation. It builds on degrowth principles, focusing on justice, sustainability and democratic organisation. Complementing the doughnut economics framework, it shifts away from traditional economic thinking and cost-benefit rationality to support decision-making for a more equitable, sustainable future. Like the widely known doughnut economics model, the degrowth doughnut integrates ecological limits with social needs, moving beyond gross domestic product (GDP) growth and prioritising systemic regeneration and internal redistribution. In line with degrowth priorities of a radical paradigm shift and acceptance of the necessity of aggregate throughput reduction, it incorporates social and cultural boundaries as well, thereby recognising that dominant power relations, societal values, and norms influence environmental and social outcomes. This modified doughnut model aims to guide the transition to a degrowth society, emphasising collective responsibility and balance between nature and society. As a planning tool, it encourages communal strategy-building and highlights the transformative potential of the degrowth paradigm, illustrating a challenging but achievable path to a just, sustainable future.