Intestinal fragility during ochratoxicosis and aflatoxicosis in broiler chickens

Abstract

Graded concentrations of dietary ochratoxin (0,0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 μg/g) and aflatoxin (0, 0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 μg/g) were fed to broiler chicks from hatching to 3 weeks of age. The breaking strength of the large intestines was decreased significantly (P < 0.05) by ochratoxin (2, 4, and 8 μg/g), but not by aflatoxin. This fragility was accompanied by an increase in the weight of the large intestine relative to body weight of birds fed ochratoxin (4.0 and 8.0 μg/g), whereas aflatoxin had no significant (P < 0.05) effect on this parameter. Lipid content of the large intestine was decreased significantly (P < 0.05) by aflatoxin (10.0 μg/g) and increased by ochratoxin (8.0 μg/g). Microscopic examination of cross sections of large intestines stained for collagen gave the impression of a great decrease in collagen content of birds fed ochratoxin, but not aflatoxin. The radial length of the collagenous longitudinal folds of the large intestine was decreased significantly (P < 0.05) by ochratoxin (2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 μg/g). These observations, plus a field case characterized by intestinal ruptures causing carcass condemnations on the processing line and by the occurrence of aflatoxin and ochratoxin in the chicken feed, suggest a novel way in which mycotoxins cause economic loss to agriculture.