Malnutrition and Related Factors in Older Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy

Abstract

Objectives The incidence and mortality of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies increase exponentially with age. Malnutrition is a documented poor prognostic factor in older patients with cancer. There is insufficient data about the prevalence of malnutrition and associated factors in older patients with GI cancer. Thus, we aimed to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition and related factors among older patients with GI cancer. Methods A total of 121 patients aged over 70 years diagnosed with various types of GI cancers applied to the medical oncology clinic included in this cross-sectional study. We evaluated the nutrition status with a mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) score. Results The prevalence of malnutrition was 76 (62.8%) in our study population. The mean age was 76.5 (range 70 to 90 years), and 71 (58.6%) were male. In the multivariate logistic regression model, lower BMI (OR: 3.379, 95% CI: 1.465-7.812, p = 0.005), having gastroesophageal cancer (OR: 5.797, 95% CI: 2.387-14.091, p<0.001), treating with palliative chemotherapy (OR: 4.597, 95% CI: 1.799-11.772, p = 0.002), and frailty according to G8 score (OR: 10.798, 95% CI: 4.495-25.924, p<0.001) were associated with malnutrition. Conclusions Our study revealed that palliative chemotherapy, low BMI, frailty, and gastroesophageal cancer are risk factors for malnutrition in older patients with GI cancer. Physicians need to be aware of patients who may be at risk for malnutrition. Patients at risk of malnutrition may benefit from interventions to enhance their nutrition. Further studies consisting of larger cohorts are needed to determine malnutrition and related factors in older patients with cancer.