Proteinuria Ratio and Related Factors in Type 2 DM Patients: A Hospital-Based Study in Somalia

Abstract

Background: Diabetic nephropathy, a complication of diabetes mellitus, is marked by proteinuria, excess protein in the urine. Understanding these factors is crucial for early detection and intervention to prevent kidney damage in this population. Objective: This study investigates the prevalence of proteinuria and associated factors among type 2 diabetes patients in Mogadishu, Somalia. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional design study was conducted at the Somali-Turkey Training and Research Hospital in Mogadishu, Somalia for the last six months. The study enrolled 529 diabetic patients who met the criteria. We measured the participants’ anthropometric measurements of height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference, and some biochemical analyses like fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), urinalysis, lipid profile, and renal function tests were also measured. Proteinuria rate and related laboratory and demographic parameters were analyzed. Results: There were 177 (33.5%) males and 352 (66.5%) females. Three-quarters of the participants, or 176, were in the 45-54 age range. Twenty percent of people had proteinuria overall. Multivariable analysis showed that waist (β =0.893, 95% CI: 0.818-0.974), p=0.010), serum creatinine (β =0.064, 95% CI: 0.017-0.232, p=0.001), urea (β =1.025, 95% CI: 1.002-1.048), p=0.030), and sodium (β =1.119, 95% CI: 0.921-1.361, p=0.013) levels to have association with proteinuria levels. Conclusion: In our study, patients with type 2 diabetes had a high prevalence of proteinuria. In low-resource settings, screening with urinalysis is strongly recommended for all diabetic patients to guarantee appropriate care and stop the development of end-stage renal disease.