Biotechnology in the Context of Sustainable Development

Abstract

Humanity has used the biological processes of microorganisms for over 6,000 years to produce wholesome foods such as bread, cheese, and dairy products. Throughout most of the 20th century, the term “biotechnology” continued to be widely used in reference to various technologies, from fermentation processes to selective plant breeding. Currently, the term “biotechnology” includes the targeted use of molecular biology and genetic engineering methods. Modern biotechnology is based on the targeted use of 5 microorganisms and their metabolic products, cell and tissue cultures of plant and animal origin. An important feature of biotechnology is its interdisciplinary nature, since many modern technologies represent the effective integration of various disciplines.