Inversion of Lift-Off Distance and Thickness for Nonmagnetic Metal Using Eddy Current Testing

Abstract

For the electromagnetic eddy current (EC) testing, various methods have been proposed for reducing the lift-off error on the measurement of samples. In this article, instead of eliminating the measurement error caused by the lift-off effect, an algorithm has been proposed to directly measure the lift-off distance between the sensor and nonmagnetic conductive plates. The algorithm is based on a sample-independent inductance (SII) feature. That is, under high working frequencies, the inductance is found to be sensitive to the lift-off distance and independent of the test piece under an optimal single high working frequency (43.87 kHz). Furthermore, the predicted lift-off distance is used for the thickness prediction of the nonmagnetic conductive samples using an iterative method. Considering the EC skin depth, the thickness prediction is operated under a single lower frequency (0.20 kHz). As the inductance has different sensitivities to the lift-off and thickness, the prediction error of the sample thickness is different from that of the lift-off distance. From the experiments on three different nonmagnetic samples - aluminum, copper, and brass, the maximum prediction error of the lift-off distance and sample thickness is 1.1 mm and 5.42%, respectively, at the lift-off of 12.0 mm.