High dose insulin therapy for inotropic support during veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation decannulation: A case report

Abstract

Rationale: High-dose insulin (HDI) therapy has been used as inotropic support for toxin-induced cardiogenic shock, but literature suggests that it can also be used in non-toxin-induced cardiogenic shock states. Its use has not been reported in veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) decannulation. Patient concerns: A 56-year-old male presented with progressive dyspnea and lower extremity edema without any reported toxic ingestion. Diagnosis: After left heart catheterization, he was diagnosed with acute biventricular nonischemic cardiac failure that ultimately required VA-ECMO support for 8 days, after which decannulation was planned. Interventions: During decannulation, he was initiated on HDI therapy via a 1 U/kg regular insulin bolus with 25 g of dextrose and a 1 U/kg/hr insulin infusion. Outcomes: During the decannulation, he was monitored with transesophageal echocardiography. Initially, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) was estimated at 10% to 15%. Transesophageal echocardiography after HDI but prior to decannulation showed LVEF 30% to 40%. Transthoracic echocardiography 3.5 hours after HDI bolus and decannulation revealed normal LV systolic function; LVEF 50% to 55%. Lessons: While multiple interventions occurred during decannulation, HDI therapy may have assisted in transitioning off ECMO support, and HDI should be investigated as an adjunctive option in future decannulations and other non-toxin-induced cardiogenic shock states.