Arrangements for implementing and activating state capacities in public policy: an analytical perspective

Abstract

Introduction: The concept of “state capacity” has been widely discussed, but there are still gaps in understanding how these capacities are mobilized and activated in practice. This article looks at how state capacity is deployed in contexts that require reconciling governmental effectiveness with political legitimacy in complex political and institutional environments. Materials and methods: We present an analysis of the arrangements for implementing and activating state capacities, drawing on a literature review and empirical examples. The analysis covers the actors involved, the resources mobilized, and the tools employed, while highlighting changes over time. Results: Implementation arrangements are vital for activating state capacities, as the interaction between actors and tools shapes the effectiveness of public policies. Arrangements that bring in the right actors and effective coordination tools activate capacities that enhance performance in terms of both outcomes and innovation. Discussion: State capacity alone is insufficient to ensure the success of public policies; this can only be achieved through arrangements that bring together actors and tools, constantly adapting to changing contextual conditions. The flexibility of these arrangements is essential for navigating the political and institutional complexities of contemporary Brazil.