A high frequency of GBV - C/HGV coinfection in hepatitis C patients in Germany

Abstract

Aim: To detect infection rate of GBV-C/ HGV in hepatitis C patients, to determine the methods of higher sensitivity and the primers of higher efficiency for GBV-C/ HGV RNA detection and to study the dominant subtype and mutation of GBV-C/ HGV. Methods: Quantitative RT-PCR for detection pf HCV RNA concentration in serum samples, RT-nested PCR with two sets of primers for detection of GBV-C RNA, RT-PCR ELISA with two sets of primers for detection of HGV RNA, nucleotide sequence and putative amino acid sequence analysis. Results: The positive rates of GBV-C RNA at the 5′-NCR and NS3 region in 211 serums amples from the patients with HCV infection were 31.8% and 22.8% respectively. The positive rates of HGV RNA at the 5′-NCR and NS5 region in the same samples were 47.9% and 31.8% respectively. The total positive rate of GBV-C/HGV RNA was as high as 55.5%. HCV copy numbers in the patients without GBV-C/ HGV coinfection were statistically higher than that in the patients with GBV-C/ HGV coinfection (P<0.01). Frequent mutation of nucleotide residue was present in the amplification products. Frameshift mutation was found in two samples with GBV-C NS3 region nucleotide sequences. All nucleotide sequences from amplification products showed higher homology to HGV genome than to GBV-C genome even though part of the sequences were amplified with GBV-C primers. Conclusion: A high frequency of GBV-C/ HGV coinfection existed in the hepatitis C patients. RT-PCR ELISA was more sensitive than RT-nested PCR for detection of GBV-C/ HGV RNA. The primers derived from the 5′-NCR was more efficient than those derived from the NS3 and NS5 regions. A reverse relationship was found to exist between HCV RNA concentration and GBV-C/ HGV infection frequency. HGV was the dominant subtype of the virus in the local area. The major mutations of GBV-C/ HGV genomes were random mutation of nucleotide residue.