Rancang Bangun dan Evaluasi Sistem Pelacakan Lokasi Antarpendaki Berbasis LoRa dengan Aplikasi Android Tanpa Koneksi Internet

Abstract

Aktivitas pendakian gunung di Indonesia terus meningkat, namun keterbatasan sinyal seluler di wilayah pegunungan sering menjadi kendala utama dalam komunikasi dan pemantauan keselamatan pendaki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengimplementasikan sistem pelacakan lokasi antarpendaki berbasis LoRa dan aplikasi Android tanpa koneksi internet. Sistem terdiri dari node berbasis ESP32 yang terintegrasi dengan modul GPS SIM808 dan modul LoRa Ebyte E220-900T22D untuk transmisi data posisi antarperangkat. Data koordinat dikirim melalui jaringan peer-to-peer (P2P) LoRa dan ditampilkan secara real-time pada aplikasi Android menggunakan peta offline OpenStreetMap. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan Research and Development (R&D) dengan tahap perancangan, implementasi, dan pengujian fungsional di area terbuka. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa sistem memiliki deviasi akurasi GPS rata-rata 6–7 meter, jangkauan komunikasi LoRa mencapai 500 meter (LOS) dan 350 meter (NLOS), serta delay komunikasi Bluetooth rata-rata 990 ms. Sistem ini terbukti mampu menampilkan posisi antarpendaki secara hampir real-time tanpa jaringan internet, sehingga dapat meningkatkan keselamatan dan koordinasi antarpendaki di area minim sinyal.Mountain hiking activities in Indonesia continue to grow, yet limited cellular network coverage in mountainous areas remains a major challenge for communication and hiker safety monitoring. This study aims to design and implement a LoRa-based hiker location tracking system integrated with an Android application operating without an internet connection. The system consists of ESP32-based nodes integrated with GPS SIM808 and LoRa Ebyte E220-900T22D modules for transmitting positional data between devices. The coordinates are exchanged via a peer-to-peer (P2P) LoRa network and displayed in real-time on an Android application using offline OpenStreetMap. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach through stages of system design, implementation, and functional testing in open-field conditions. Experimental results show that the system achieved an average GPS accuracy deviation of 6–7 meters, LoRa communication range of up to 500 meters (LOS) and 350 meters (NLOS), and an average Bluetooth communication delay of 990 ms. The findings demonstrate that the proposed system can effectively display inter-hiker positions in near real-time without internet connectivity, enhancing safety and coordination among hikers in signal-limited environments.