Developments in synthesis, characterization and applications of composite ion-exchange materials: A review

Abstract

In this article, a review of hybrid inorganic-organic composite ion exchangers employed as ion sensors, photocatalysts, anti-microbial agents and in water remediation has been carried out. A detailed study of the synthetic procedures, characterization of various composite ion exchangers by different analytical techniques, ion exchange characteristics and their applications has been provided. The applications of the composite ion exchangers in the separation of metal ions, as ion selective electrodes, as photocatalysts in dye degradation and as antimicrobial agents have been reviewed extensively.