Birth asphyxia in full term neonates in N’Djamena Mother and Child Hospital (Chad)

Abstract

Background: Birth asphyxia is a serious problem which can cause 1 million deaths among newborn babies annually around the world and a similar number of patient with serious neurological sequelae, such as cerebral palsy, mentard retardation and epilepsy. Objective: determine the antepartum, intra partum and fetal risk factors of brith asphyxia and it outcome in N'Djamena Mother and Child hospital. Patient and Method: This was a cross-sectional study covering the six months from June, 1 st of june 2016 to the November 31 st of November 2016. The study group was constituted with full term newborn (gestational age 37-42weeks) presenting asphyxia. The control group where each newborn delivered after baby suffering with asphyxia were recorded. Results: During the study period, 371 newborns have presented an asphyxia among 7,254 newborns giving an incidence of birth asphyxia was 05,1%. The maternal risk factors were: primiparity, and young maternal age. The delivery were mostly in vagina mode in the both group (53.1% in the study group vs 76.6 in the control group). More caesarean section was perfomed in the study group (29.4% vs 13.2%). Mains etiologies of birth asphyxia were: obstructed labour(18.3%), spontaneous premature rupture of membranes (17.2%), ocytocyn drug use (15.1%), hypertension/ preeclamsia/ eclampsia (10.2%). Most of neonates in the control group had cried immediately after birth, and only 5.1% of them needed simple resuscitation and responds to direct oxygen. while 68.2% of cases suction, oxygen or bag and mask. The letality rate was greatter in the study group (11.3% vs à.5%). Conclusion: Birth asphyxia remains a serious public health problem. Risks factors are known. The majorité of these factors may be manageable by means of goods prenatal care.