Mechanism of Electron Accumulation Layer Formation at the MBE-grown InAs(111)A Surface

  • KANISAWA K
  • FUJISAWA T
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Abstract

Electronic properties, related to the correlation between quantum states and Fermi level (EF) at the semiconductor boundaries, are discussed as one of the essential issues for understanding nanometer-scale physics and its technological application. To understand the mechanism of surface EF stabilization, the origin of two-dimensional electrons in the native electron accumulation layer was explored using a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope in ultra-high vacuum at the clean (111)A surface of the undoped InAs thin film grown by molecular beam epitaxy. According to direct comparison of densities between surface defects and accumulated electrons, it was found that the electron accumulation layer was introduced by the two-dimensionally distributed native donor point defects composed of In adatoms and In antisites at the density of 10 12 cm −2. The mechanism of the surface EF pinning was explained using a model based on the shallow defect band formation due to highly formed surface donors. It was shown that this surface band was composed of the hydrogenic donor bound states and delocalized due to many-body effects induced by the Mott transition in correlated donor-electron system at the clean surface, and was not composed of the atomic orbitals of point defects or the dangling bonds of surface atoms. KEYWORDS : semiconductor surface, Fermi level pinning, many-body effects, scanning tunneling microscopy, molecular beam epitaxy 1.は じ め に 今日では,多くの電子機器で化合物半導体が活用され ている。化合物半導体は,薄膜ヘテロ構造素子はもとよ り,ナノテクノロジー材料としても欠かせないものとな っている。III-V 族化合物半導体の一つである InAs は, 高い易動度,直接遷移型の狭い禁止帯幅,大きなスピ ン-軌道(Spin-Orbit : SO)相互作用により,高速電子素 子,赤外線素子,スピントロニクス素子の材料として技 術的重要性が高い。我々は,分子線エピタキシャル成長 法(Molecular Beam Epitaxy : MBE)で形成した InAs 結 晶 薄 膜 に お い て,低 温 走 査 ト ン ネ ル 顕 微 鏡(Low-Temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscope : LT-STM)を 用いた観測により,ナノメートル領域における半導体低 次元電子物性の研究を行っている 1∼3) 。研究では,InAs 清浄表面が持つ電子蓄積層の自然形成という特徴と,こ の電子蓄積層が低温でも示す高い電気伝導度を積極的に 利用している。 InAs 結晶の n 型化(電子過剰)の傾向については,p 型の多結晶 InAs における異常な Hall 効果特性から, 1956 年 に は 既 に 報 告 が あ る 4) 。こ の 異 常 な 特 性 と, InAs 結晶の表面に形成される n 型層との関係をつきと

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KANISAWA, K., & FUJISAWA, T. (2008). Mechanism of Electron Accumulation Layer Formation at the MBE-grown InAs(111)A Surface. Hyomen Kagaku, 29(12), 747–757. https://doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.29.747

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