Type 2 diabetes in a central Indian population: association with PPARG2 P121A allele but not ENPP1 K121Q

Abstract

Background: It is known that genetic and environmental factors may influence susceptibility to type 2 diabetes and its complications. Objective: In the investigation reported here we selected the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) G2 (rs1801282) and ENPP1, also called PC-1 (rs1044498) gene polymorphisms to determine whether there is a genetic association between these, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. We also examined and environmental factors influencing type 2 diabetes. Design and methods: The study was carried out on a central Indian population of 190 diabetics and 210 healthy controls. Anthropometric data were collected during sample collection. A genetic polymorphism study of PPARG2 and ENPP1 was undertaken using a polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method and the observed genotype frequencies, allele frequencies, and carriage rates of the PPARG2 and ENPP1 polymorphisms were recorded. Results: The patterns of genotype and allele distribution in both groups suggested a significant association between PPARG2 Pro12Ala major allele A carriage (AA carriage) and type 2 diabetes. Further, the results also show the protective effect of the minor allele G. Overall, we found that the distribution of ENPP1 K121Q genotypes was not significantly different between healthy controls and diabetic patients. Thus, ENPP1 polymorphism was not found to be associated with type 2 diabetes in a central Indian population. Body mass index was also found to be significantly higher in female diabetic patient group than in female healthy controls (P = 0.0388), while there was no significant difference in body mass index for males in the case group compared with in the control group. Conclusion: Our study indicates that PPARG2 and obesity have a strong association with type 2 diabetes but ENPP1 polymorphism lacks any association.