Tracking down protein-protein interactions: Via a FRET-system using site-specific thiol-labeling

Abstract

Förster resonance energy transfer is among the most popular tools to follow protein-protein interactions. Although limited to certain cases, site-specific fluorescent labeling of proteins via natural functions by means of chemical manipulations can redeem laborious protein engineering techniques. Herein we report on the synthesis of a heterobifunctional tag and its use in site-specific protein labeling studies aiming at exploring protein-protein interactions. The oxadiazole-methylsulfonyl functionality serves as a thiol specific warhead that enables easy and selective installation of fluorescent labels through a bioorthogonal motif. Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK14) and its substrate mitogen activated protein kinase activated kinase (MAPKAP2) or its docking motif, a 22 amino acid-long peptide fragment, were labeled with a donor and an acceptor, respectively. Evolution of strong FRET signals upon protein-protein interactions supported the specific communication between the partners. Using an efficient FRET pair allowed the estimation of dissociation constants for protein-protein and peptide-protein interactions (145 nM and 240 nM, respectively).