Optimization for whole grain flours from germinated Andean pseudocereals

Abstract

This study optimized the rheological parameters of doughs with partial substitution of wheat flour for blends of whole grain flours from germinated Andean pseudocereals such as quinoa (GQF), kiwicha (GKF), and cañihua (GCF) for bread production. The optimization was conducted through a Simplex-Centroid Mixture Design (SCMD) and Desirability Function (DF). Experiments were formulated using 80 to 90% wheat flour and 5 to 15% germinated pseudocereal blends. The rheological evaluation included farinograph, extensograph, and amylography analyses. Results showed that whole flour from germinated pseudocereals increases the water absorption, consistency, and extensibility of the doughs; and decreases its development time, stability, resistance to extensibility, temperature, and peak viscosity. The GQF-GKF blend developed more extensible and stable doughs, while GCF increased its consistency and was recommended for bread production. The data allowed us to obtain response surface models and the optimal substitution percentages to produce bread using GQF-GKF, GQF-GCF, and GKF-GCF blends.