Reductive Ullmann coupling of aryl halides by palladium nanoparticles supported on cellulose, a recoverable heterogeneous catalyst

Abstract

Palladium nanoparticles supported on cellulose were prepared without using any reducing agent and used as a highly efficient catalyst for the Ullmann reductive coupling of aryl halides in the presence of zinc, in a water-alcohol mixture as solvent in air. The obtained palladium nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and ICP-AES analysis. The synthesis of biaryls from chloroarenes was performed by this catalyst with good yield. The catalyst remains stable up to 75 °C and can be recovered and reused several times without loss of activity. © 2013 Verlag der Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung, Tubingen • http://znaturforsch.com.