Obstructive uropathy

Abstract

Obstructive uropathy is a urinary tract pathology caused by the acute or chronic obstruction of urinary flow, accounting for nearly 10% of renal failure cases [1]. Obstructive uropathy encompasses a diverse collection of etiologies originating in both the upper and lower urinary tract, each with specific diagnostic and treatment considerations. Prompt diagnosis and effective management are vital to limit permanent kidney injury with significant morbidity and mortality. This chapter reviews the epidemiology, physiology, etiology, diagnosis, and management of obstructive uropathy. The pathologic changes that occur in both unilateral and bilateral obstruction, as well as factors affecting the recovery of renal function, are explored. Finally, the physiology, risk factors, and management of post obstructive diuresis is reviewed. A disease-specific approach can help avoid common pitfalls and ensure that the best care is provided to patients.