QuantumGS-Box—A Key-Dependent GA and QRNG-Based S-Box for High-Speed Cloud-Based Storage Encryption

Abstract

Cloud computing has revolutionized the digital era by providing a more efficient, scalable, and cost-effective infrastructure. Secure systems that encrypt and protect data before it is transmitted over a network and stored in the cloud benefit the entire transmission process. Transmission data can be encrypted and protected with a secure dynamic substitution box (S-box). In this paper, we propose the QuantumGS-box, which is a dynamic S-box for high-speed cloud-based storage encryption generated by bit shuffling with a genetic algorithm and a quantum random number generator (QRNG). The proposed work generates the S-box optimized values in a dynamic way, and an experimental evaluation of the proposed S-box method has been conducted using several cryptographic criteria, including bit independence criteria, speed, non-linearity, differential and linear approximation probabilities, strict avalanche criteria and balanced output. The results demonstrate that the QuantumGS-box can enhance robustness, is resilient to differential and provide improved linear cryptoanalysis compared to other research works while assuring non-linearity. The characteristics of the proposed S-box are compared with other state of the art S-boxes to validate its performance. These characteristics indicate that the QuantumGS-box is a promising candidate for cloud-based storage encryption applications.