Optimizing broiler performance using different amino acid density diets: What are the limits?

Abstract

Broiler responses of economic interest, such as BW gain, FCR, and breast meat yield (BMY), can be optimized by increasing amino acid (AA) concentrations, improving the AA balance, or both. The AA requirements to maximize a response are lowest for BW gain, increased for FCR, and highest for BMY. A maximum performance response is reached when the response plateaus, whereas an optimal response is the one providing the highest return per input. These are usually not the same. Strategies used in linear feed formulation differ in how dietary AA are included in the diet; therefore, understanding how these strategies affect broiler responses is necessary to compare ultimate potential benefits. Minimum CP restrictions are still used even when TSAA, Lys, and Thr restrictions are set simultaneously, and AA requirements are presently expressed as either total or digestible. The use of ratios of essential AA to Lys is more popular now that synthetic Thr has become commercially available, and it will likely have an increase in use when L-valine and L-isoleucine have competitive prices. The presentday high-yield broiler has an increased responsiveness to AA density, especially for Lys, which contrasts with published requirements still in use. Increasing Lys and other AA at the beginning of the bird's life has been shown to have some positive carryover effects on performance in later periods; however, increasing the Lys and essential AA in broiler diets in the last phases of production allows compensation for BMY because of the continuous high allometric growth rate of breast muscle. Gains in performance are expected to result from increases in dietary AA density; however, the decision regarding what AA density to use will depend on the cost of feed relative to the market price of meat. © 2012 Poultry Science Association, Inc.