Valoración de la adherencia del paciente diabético al consejo nutricional y evaluación de mejoras tras su reeducación: una investigación-acción en la costa mediterránea

Abstract

Objective: To assess adherence to professional dietary recommendations among type 2 diabetic patients and then evaluate improvements after education on healthy nutritional habits. Methods: In 2016, thirty-two type 2 diabetics who resided on the Mediterranean Coast of Spain were randomly selected and invited to participate at hospital admission. The design consisted of 3 phases: exploration, education and evaluation. The techniques used were: semi-structured interviews and mixed educational methods. The instruments were: the MUST questionnaire and the ISTEW improvement evaluation framework. Results: The interviewees of both sexes (19 men and 13 women) with an average age of 74 years did not feel responsible for the choice and elaboration of their daily diet. They also did not feel well informed, nor did they believe they had the tools to address their nutritional needs correctly. Excessive consumption of sweets and saturated fats was detected, not corresponding to the type of Mediterranean diet expected in the area. After the educational intervention, a high degree of satisfaction and improvements in performance were corroborated. Conclusions: Dietary nonadherence can be explained by the absence of an effective patient-family-professional information channel and the absence of a therapeutic link reduced patient empowerment and level of severity perceived by the person. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was low and the adherence to the Mediterranean diet was low. The knowledge of his pathology is not explained by the academic and socioeconomic level.