Avaliação de herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência sobre e sob a palha em cana crua e o destino ambiental

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of several herbicides, applied alone or mixed in post-emergence on ratoon sugarcane crop, mechanically harvested under a no-burn system, to assess differences in performance when applied over or under the straw. In addition, based on the concept of sustainability and environmental risk evaluation, mathematical models were used to evaluate the fate of these herbicides. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Bariri-SP, in the Della Colletta Processing Plant section of Santo Antonio Farm's sugarcane (RB 72 754 cultivar) cultivated areas. Ratoon sugarcane was planted with 1.40 m spacing on Red-Yellow Argisol soils with 5% declivity. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design in 14 plots (trifloxulfurom-sodium+ametryn 720 and 960; mesotrione 192 and 292.6; mesotrione and ametryn 292.6+1500; mesotrione+trifloxysulfuron-sodium 182.8+720; metribuzin 2680; trifloxysulfuronsodium+ametryn+hexazinone+diuron 720+900; amicarbazine 45; hexazinone+diuron 1320; trifloxysulfuron-sodium+sulfentrazone 720+700 (all of the above cited in grams of active ingredients)); control; weeded control, and four replicates, for each type of application (over or under the straw), side by side. The following evaluations were carried out: phytotoxicity, height, stand, efficiency of control of Digitaria horizontalis, Cenchrus echinatus, Emilia fosbergii and Sida cordifolia, number of stalks and first stalk. A fugacity-level I mathematical model was used including the following compartments: air, water, soil, sediment, biota, strain, leaves and roots. The results showed that the herbicides trifloxysulfuron+diuron, mesotrione, metribuzin, ametryn, hexazinone+diuron, amicarbazone and sulfentrazone, alone or in combination, applied in post-emergence on sugarcane were highly efficient in controlling the major weeds present. Application of these herbicides over or under no burn sugarcane straw did not show differences of control efficiency nor of any other parameter. Application of the fugacity model aimed at evaluating preferential behavior showed that all the herbicides tended to have greater distribution in the water compartment.