Manajemen Konflik dalam Perspektif Multidimensi: Sumber, Strategi, dan Peran Aktor dalam Manajemen Konflik

Abstract

Conflict is an inevitable phenomenon in social, educational, and organizational dynamics. If not managed properly, conflict can be detrimental; however, with appropriate management strategies, it may serve as a medium for learning, innovation, and strengthening relationships. The importance of understanding conflict management highlights the need for a comprehensive literature review to map its sources, resolution strategies, and the role of actors in managing conflict. This study aims to examine the development of theories and practices of conflict management over the past eight years, focusing on two main questions: What are the sources of conflict and the dominant approaches to conflict management in the literature, and how do research trends indicate shifts in conflict resolution strategies across various contexts? The method employed is a literature review using keywords related to conflict management theories. The findings reveal three major themes: conflict sources are multidimensional (structural, cultural, personal); conflict management strategies are contextual (negotiation, collaboration, multicultural approaches); and the role of actors is highly influential in determining resolution outcomes. This study underscores the need for further research comparing the effectiveness of strategies across contexts to enrich theory and provide practical guidance for organizational leaders and educators.