Paradigm Shift in Korea’s Island Policy and Sustainability

Abstract

This article investigates the historical transformation of South Korea’s Island development policies, highlighting a paradigm shift from fragmented, infrastructure-centric approaches to integrated, resident-centered sustainability. Initially, island policies prioritized connectivity and physical development, often neglecting the cultural and ecological distinctiveness of island communities. Through policy milestones such as the 1986 Island Development Promotion Act and subsequent ten-year Comprehensive Island Development Plans, the government sought to address infrastructural and economic disparities. However, these interventions frequently failed to ensure long-term sustainability or community engagement. Drawing on Hall’s (1993) theory of policy paradigm shifts and using a case study approach, this study analyzes how evolving social, economic, and political forces shaped Korea’s Island policy. The findings show a transition toward participatory governance, ecological preservation, and community well-being, especially in the fourth plan (2018-2027). Nevertheless, contradictions persist-such as between sustainability goals and tourism-driven development. The article concludes with specific policy recommendations aimed at resolving implementation challenges, enhancing resident participation, and achieving a resilient future for Korea’s islands.