Oxyfluorfen-resistant rice tolerance and weed control when using oxyfluorfen

Abstract

Herbicide-resistant barnyardgrass and weedy rice control, without crop injury, is a challenge for rice producers in the United States. Herbicides not initially labeled for rice, such as oxyfluorfen, are now being evaluated as new tools for weed control. The ROXY® trait allows for the use of oxyfluorfen in rice for weed control preemergence and postemergence. Experiments were initiated in 2021 and 2022 to evaluate (1) the effectiveness of preemergence- and postemergence-applied oxyfluorfen on barnyardgrass and weedy rice, (2) the sensitivity of oxyfluorfen-resistant rice to oxyfluorfen as a function of application timing, and (3) the influence of soil moisture on oxyfluorfen-resistant rice sensitivity to oxyfluorfen. In the field, a rate response was observed for oxyfluorfen applied to weedy rice when averaged over application timings of 1-leaf, 2-leaf, 3-leaf, and tillering, with oxyfluorfen at 1,680 g ai ha-1 resulting in 81% and 72% control 7 d after application (DAA) in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Under greenhouse conditions, barnyardgrass and weedy rice control averaged by the rate of oxyfluorfen was ≥85 and ≥70%, respectfully, 7 DAA for the 1-, 2-, and 3-leaf rice growth stage timings. Preemergence applications of oxyfluorfen under 100% soil saturation resulted in 75% injury to oxyfluorfen-resistant rice, greater than all other soil moisture at 7 DAA. All postemergence applications of oxyfluorfen resulted in 63% to 70% injury to oxyfluorfen-resistant rice at 7 DAA, regardless of soil moisture. Barnyardgrass and weedy rice control with oxyfluorfen is achieved with timely applications; however, injury to oxyfluorfen-resistant rice is likely.